EKONOMIKA PERLINDUNGAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP : PENCEMARAN SDAL
Abstract
This study examines the economic implications of environmental degradation and the protection of natural resources in Indonesia, focusing on pollution-related damage. Using a mixed-method approach, the research explores the socio-economic costs of environmental pollution, evaluates public and institutional responses, and identifies strategies for improving environmental governance. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of 450 respondents across four provinces affected by industrial and agricultural pollution, while qualitative insights were derived from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with government officials, NGOs, and community members. Findings show that the economic cost of pollution, including loss of productivity, health expenses, and ecosystem degradation, remains underestimated in local policy decisions. The qualitative data further reveal limited enforcement capacity, weak inter-agency coordination, and lack of incentives for pollution reduction in key sectors. The study highlights the need for integrated economic instruments—such as green taxes, environmental compensation funds, and polluter-pays principles—to ensure sustainable management of natural resources. Policy recommendations emphasize cross-sector collaboration, environmental education, and institutional reform to strengthen environmental protection frameworks in Indonesia.
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