Pengantar Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam Dan Lingkungan, Pendekatan Mixed Method (Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif)

Abstract

The economics of natural resources and the environment has become an increasingly important field in addressing the growing challenges of sustainability, ecological degradation, and resource scarcity. This study aims to provide a conceptual and empirical introduction to the foundations of natural resource and environmental economics within the context of Indonesia's ecological and economic dynamics. Employing a mixed-method approach, quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaires involving 210 respondents from academia, government, and private sectors, while qualitative insights were obtained through in-depth interviews with environmental economists and policy stakeholders. The findings reveal that although awareness of environmental-economic interdependence is growing, significant gaps remain in institutional implementation and public understanding. Key theoretical concepts such as externalities, public goods, market failure, and sustainable development are discussed in light of Indonesia’s current environmental policies and resource management practices. The study proposes a framework for integrating environmental values into economic decision-making, advocating for policy instruments such as Pigouvian taxes, tradable permits, and ecological valuation techniques. This paper concludes that natural resource and environmental economics should serve as a fundamental pillar in guiding Indonesia’s transition toward a green economy and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).