Pengertian, Prinsip Dasar, Bentuk, dan Tantangan Koperasi Syariah
Abstract
Sharia cooperatives have emerged as a distinct Islamic economic institution aimed at promoting financial inclusion, social justice, and collective welfare. Grounded in Sharia principles such as mutual cooperation (ta'awun), partnership (musharakah), and profit-and-loss sharing (mudharabah), these cooperatives offer alternatives to conventional financial institutions. This study investigates the conceptual framework, foundational principles, forms, and operational challenges of Sharia cooperatives in Indonesia. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, data were collected through surveys administered to 150 cooperative members and in-depth interviews with 10 cooperative managers and Islamic finance experts. The findings reveal a strong understanding of Sharia values among cooperative stakeholders, though disparities exist in implementation due to varying interpretations, legal ambiguity, and limited managerial capacity. Three major forms of Sharia cooperatives are identified: savings and loan cooperatives (KSPPS), marketing cooperatives (KJKS), and multi-purpose cooperatives (KSU Syariah). Challenges include insufficient human resource competence, limited technological infrastructure, and difficulties in maintaining Sharia compliance. This study concludes that sustainable development of Sharia cooperatives requires institutional support, legal harmonization, and community empowerment grounded in Islamic ethical norms.
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