Dampak Pencemaran Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan (SDAL) terhadap Keberlanjutan Ekonomi dan Kesejahteraan Sosial di Indonesia: Pendekatan Mixed Method.
Abstract
Environmental pollution remains a significant challenge in managing natural resources (SDAL) in Indonesia. This study investigates the socio-economic and ecological impacts of SDAL pollution using a mixed-method approach. Quantitative data were obtained from surveys of 350 households and businesses located near polluted river basins in West Java and East Kalimantan, while qualitative insights were collected through in-depth interviews with local environmental officers, NGOs, and affected community members. The study applies the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to assess pollution thresholds and the economic burden resulting from environmental degradation. Results show that industrial and domestic waste significantly contribute to water and air pollution, leading to economic costs in the form of reduced agricultural yields, increased healthcare expenditures, and loss of biodiversity. Community perceptions highlight a lack of government enforcement and corporate accountability as major concerns. The study recommends integrated pollution control policies, reinforcement of environmental education, and the implementation of eco-labeling for industrial sectors. These findings underline the urgent need for policy reform in environmental governance to support the sustainability of natural resources and improve public welfare in pollution-affected
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