TEORI KOGNITIF: SEBUAH KAJIAN PENERAPAN PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN

Abstract

This paper explores cognitive theory as a foundational framework for understanding how learners process, store, and apply information in educational settings. Cognitive theory emphasizes the internal mental processes that influence learning, including attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving. Unlike behaviorist approaches that focus solely on observable behaviors, cognitive theory offers a deeper insight into the learner’s mind, recognizing that learning is an active, constructive, and goal-oriented process. The study investigates how principles of cognitive theory—such as schema development, cognitive load, and metacognition—can be applied effectively in classroom instruction. Through a review of current literature and practical case examples, it is found that instructional strategies like scaffolding, concept mapping, guided discovery, and formative assessment significantly enhance cognitive engagement and retention. Furthermore, the integration of technology, when aligned with cognitive principles, can provide adaptive feedback and individualized learning experiences that optimize cognitive development. Findings suggest that when teachers design learning environments that align with cognitive processes, students demonstrate improved understanding, critical thinking, and long-term knowledge retention. The paper concludes that cognitive theory remains highly relevant in the 21st-century learning landscape, especially in fostering learner autonomy and higher-order thinking skills. This study encourages educators to move beyond rote learning by incorporating cognitive strategies that activate students’ prior knowledge, foster meaningful learning, and promote self-regulation in the learning process.