VALIDITAS DAN RELIABILITAS INSTRUMEN EVALUASI
Abstract
Validity and reliability are two fundamental aspects that determine the quality of evaluation instruments in the education and writing process. Evaluation instruments that do not meet these two criteria have the potential to produce biased and inaccurate data, which can affect the accuracy of learning decisions. This paper aims to comprehensively examine the concepts of validity and reliability of evaluation instruments, including the types of validity and reliability, factors that influence them, testing methods, and techniques for processing evaluation scores. This article uses a library research approach by analyzing various literature sources in the form of textbooks, national and international scientific journals, and relevant academic documents. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through the process of organizing, grouping, and synthesizing the main concepts. The results of the study show that the quality of evaluation is not only determined by the validity and reliability of the instruments, but also by the accuracy in processing and interpreting scores, such as converting raw scores into letter grades and Z-scores. Therefore, validity, reliability, and score transformation are an interrelated unit in producing learning evaluations that are objective, fair, and scientifically accountable.
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